[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 78.Roudebush P., Zicker S.C., Cotman C.W., Milgram N.W., Muggenburg B.A., Head E
Each follows a different pathway and may produce different effects in the body
As such, they confer multiple health benefits, including anti-cancer properties and improved mental and gut health
Initially identified as nine fundamental biological drivers of aging (13), the list has been updated to include twelve hallmarks: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis (14)
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