Light is also involved in the signal transduction of morphogenesis (plant elongation, leaf expansion), stomatal opening, the circadian clock and flowering, all of which are sensed by wavelength-specific photoreceptors
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Gut 47:397403 Inan MS, Rasoulpour RJ, Yin L, Hubbard AK, Rosenberg DW, Giardina C (2000) The luminal short-chain fatty acid butyrate modulates NF-B activity in a human colonic epithelial cell line
Gut dysbiosis Overgrowth of sulphur-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfovibrio ) can produce excess hydrogen sulphide gas, which irritates the gut lining and contributes to fatigue or brain fog
and the lytic and pro-inflammatory type, including ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, which release cellular contents upon rupture, inducing inflammation [111]