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Parkinsons Disease (PD) PD is a movement disorder marked by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and accumulation of -synuclein aggregates (Lewy bodies) [145, 146]
Of a particular interest, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polyester, which is used in several FDA-approved products in the form of microspheres and other pharmaceutical dosage forms 2,3
It enhances neuronal activity by blocking calcium-dependent potassium currents and potentially triggering NMDA-dependent action potential bursts, similar to apamin or bicuculline methiodide [119]
As the surface characteristics are primarily responsible for the toxicity of the NPs, modification of surface chemistry and properties has been reported to be one of the most common devised strategies to mitigate NP toxicity (Figure 3) ( FIGURE 3 Surface coating is one of the most popular surface modification strategies to reduce the potential toxicity of NPs, which is reversible by non-covalent modification (Wang et al., 2011)
doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810719 50 GowN
