Abbreviations 4-OH-E 4-Hydroxyestradiol OH Hydroxyl radical 17-HSD 17-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 8-epi-PGF2 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase AOPPs Advanced oxidation protein products ATP Adenosine triphosphate Bax BCL2-associated X protein Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-xL B-cell lymphoma-x CAT Catalase CDK cyclin-dependent kinase c-Myc Cellular myelocytomatosis COL1A1 collagen type I alpha 1 chain COL3A1 collagen type III alpha 1 chain CYP Cytochrome P450 E 1 Estrone E 2 Estradiol E-3,4-Q Estradiol-3,4-quinone ECM Extracellular matrix EGCG (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate EGF Epidermal growth factor EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor E-P-OS Estrogen-progesterone-oxidative stress ER Estrogen receptor ETC Electron transport chain FN Fibronectin FORD Free oxygen radicals defense FORT Free oxygen radicals test GBH Gyejibongnyeong-Hwan GnRH Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH-a GnRH-agonist GnRH-ant GnRH-antagonis GRP78 glucose-regulated protein 78 GSH Glutathione HO Hydrogen peroxide HIF Hypoxia-inducible factor HMGA2 high mobility group AT-hook 2 HO-1 Heme oxygenase-1 IGF-1 Insulin-like growth factor 1 JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinase KEAP1 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 LC3 Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 MAPK/ERK Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase MED12 Mediator complex subunit 12 MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases NAD Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAMPT Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase NF-B Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NOX Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase NRF-1 Nuclear respiratory factor 1 NRF-2 Nuclear respiratory factor 2 Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 O Superoxide anion OGG1 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase OS Oxidative stress PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 PCNA Proliferating cell nuclear antigen PGC-1 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1- PI3 K/Akt/mTOR Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin PR Progesterone receptor PTEN Phosphatase and tensin homolog ROS Reactive oxygen species SOAT Sterol O-acyltransferase SOD Superoxide dismutase SPRMs Selective progesterone receptor modulators TCA Tricarboxylic acid TFAM Mitochondrial transcription factor A TGF- Transforming growth factor- TIMP-1 Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 UPA Ulipristal acetate VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor VDR Vitamin D receptor -SMA -smooth muscle actin Acknowledgements The figures are created in BioRender
GHK-Cu : A natural copper-binding tripeptide studied for ECM remodeling pathways in in-vitro fibroblast cultures and animal skin biology models
Also, BPC 157 may counteract cyclophosphamide toxicity (Luetic et al., 2017
This loss of GSH occurs through several mechanisms, including direct enzymatic GSH oxidation to GSSG by GPX4 during reduction of hydroperoxy-phospholipids, export of GSSG, and dependence on the continuous availability of newly formed GSH
Similar content being viewed by others Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple steatosis (accumulation of triglyceride (TG) inside hepatocytes) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is defined as the presence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation along with hepatocyte death
