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When that pattern breaks - whether from stress, nicotine, or withdrawal - it sets off a cascade of effects: irritability, anxiety, loss of motivation, and depressive mood

By progressively lowering the nicotine strength in their e-liquid, users can gradually reduce their dependence on nicotine, eventually using nicotine-free e-liquids or stopping vaping altogether

The study also showed that, between 1992 and 1994, increases in pocket money resulted in cigarettes becoming more rather than less affordable to students in Perth and Sydney, despite increases in cigarette prices

doi: 10.1289/ehp.1307301 80

Ahead, we discuss six tobacco-cessation products available in the United States