Of the included non-randomized studies ( n = 5) 14,15,16,20,21 , four 14,15,16,20 were judged to be at moderate risk of bias and one 21 was found to have a serious risk of bias (Table 3)
33 : e32e40
doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0889
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1763854 Received 09 December 2025 Revised 31 January 2026 Accepted 09 February 2026 Published 24 February 2026 Volume 14 - 2026 Edited by Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States Reviewed by Xiaotao Wang, Nanjing Normal University, China Santhidran Sinnappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Updates Copyright 2026 Fei, Yan, Liu, Li, Gao, Li, Liu, Wu, Jiang, Zhang, Che and Zheng
Mediastinal blood within the pericardial space creates a proinflammatory milieu that can trigger poAF