INTRODUCTION Dogs and cats can be exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) in various ways, in the past mainly in experimental contexts and nowadays through passive smoking, the so-called secondhand smoke (SHS)
The tumor promoting and co-carcinogenic activities of cigarette smoke condensate were clearly demonstrated in studies starting in the 1960s using mouse skin models and later by inhalation studies in hamsters
They represent sophistication, defiance, or a simple, reassuring ritual for many
CBD, or cannabidiol, is one of the most widely studied compounds in the hemp plant
Nicotine use, in particular, has been shown to impact anxiety levels, often exacerbating symptoms rather than alleviating them in the long term