does cigarette smoke have carbon monoxide Biology Notes for IGCSE 2014 & 2024: #83 Effects of tobacco on the respiratory system Physiologic effects of smoking

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Can quitting smoking lower dementia risk

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The country introduced a nationwide indoor smoking ban in 2009 at restaurants, bars and similar establishments and gradually extended its reach to other enclosed spaces over the years, in addition to a complete smoking ban on school grounds and the sale of tobacco products at educational institutions

Stratified analyses After stratified analyses according to pulmonary diseases (Table 3), the association between smoking behavior change and the risk of pneumonia hospitalization was more prominent for participants without underlying pulmonary disease (P for interaction = 0.007), with 8% lower risk of pneumonia in quitters without underlying pulmonary diseases (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.870.97) compared to no lower risk for quitters with underlying pulmonary diseases (aHR 1.05, 95% CI 0.971.13)