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An international analysis of cigarette affordability
Abbreviations ARE: Antioxidant response element BBB: Blood-brain barrier CDC: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CHI: Closed head injury CNS: Central nervous system CS: Cigarette smoke 2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus FTC: Federal Trade Control GSH: Glutathione GSSG: Glutathione disulfide HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 ISO: International Organization for Standardization Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells NQO-1: NAD(P)H: quinone reductase I Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor OS: Oxidative stress PECAM-1: Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species SCSM: Single cigarette smoking machine TBI: Traumatic brain injury TJ: Tight junction TS: Tobacco smoke ZO-1: Zonulae occludentes-1 References Laker SR
Others found larger ORs for the adjusted than the unadjusted estimates (Primack et al., 2015, 2016)
For more persistent discoloration, many enthusiasts incorporate an at-home teeth whitening kit into their routine to maintain a bright smile
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