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Alpha-lipoic acid suppresses osteoclastogenesis despite increasing the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio in human bone marrow stromal cells
Differentiation of myoblasts into myotubes was induced when the cells had achieved 9095% confluence by switching the medium from GM to differentiation medium consisting of DMEM supplemented with 2% horse serum (5 days), then treated as described in the figures
On this basis, ferroptosis research in periodontitis should integrate single-cell sequencing with spatial transcriptomics (e.g., Stereo-seq) to construct high-resolution multi-omics maps, combined with clinical parameters (CBCT bone volume, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss) to identify susceptible cell subpopulations and map their spatiotemporal networks with osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and immune cells (125128)