Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy The kinetics of the binding of the FBXO22 protein to either full-length BPC157 or single-site alanine-mutated BPC157 were assessed via an SPR assay on a Biacore T200 SPR system (Cytiva)
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For example, in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), a high level of fumarate caused by genetic mutation of fumarate hydratase induces the succination of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) accompanied by the consumption of a fumarate molecule 134,135
Cells major functions, such as nutrient acquisition, cytoplasmic pH homeostasis and protection of DNA and proteins are largely affected by low pH (Booth et al., 2002)