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Furthermore, it has also been reported that a cholesterol-rich diet can weaken the effects of hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HP--CD), a lipid raft disruptor, in reducing the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in breast cancer mice models (92)

Morning dosing is commonly recommended based on theoretical alignment with metabolic patterns, though there is no clinical evidence establishing morning as superior

Abbreviations AIP: Atherogenic-index-of-plasma AC: Atherogenic-coefficient ANCOVA: Analysis of covariance ACO: Acyl-coenzyme-A ACO: Acyl-coenzyme-A oxidase aP2: Adipose-specific fatty acid-binding protein BMI: Body mass index BF%: Body fat-percentage BAI: Body-adiposity-index BIA: Bioelectrical impedance analysis BAT: Brown adipose tissues CVD: Cardiovascular disease CHD: Coronary heart disease CRI-I: Castellis-risk-index-I CRI-II: Castellis-risk-index-II CAD: Coronary artery disease CI: Confidence interval CFU: Colony forming unit CPT-Ia: Carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I-a DBP: Diastolic blood pressure FOS: Fructooligosaccharide FM: Fat-mass FFM: Fat-free mass FFAs: Free fatty acids FIAF: Fasting-induced adipose-factor GPR41: G-protein-coupled receptor 41 GPR43: G-protein-coupled receptor 43 GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1 GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HC: Hip circumference HSL: Hormone-sensitive-lipase HMG-CoA: Hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase IPAQ-SF: International physical activity questionnaire-short form ITT: Intention-to-treat LDL-C: Low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol LCI: Lipoprotein-combine-index LBM: Lean body-mass LPL: Lipoprotein-lipase MHO: Metabolically healthy obesity MUO: Metabolically unhealthy obesity MHO: Metabolically healthy obese MET: Metabolic-equivalent-of-tasks MM: Muscle mass NEFAs: Non-esterified fatty acids NSAIDS: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis PASS: Power analysis and sample size soft-ware PAL: Physical activity level PDHC: Pyruvate-dehydrogenase-complex PPAR-: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma PYY: Peptide-YY RCT: Randomized clinical trial (RCT) RAS: Random Allocation Software SD: Standard deviation SCFAs: Short chain fatty acids SBP: Systolic blood pressure TG: Triglyceride TC: Total cholesterol TBW: Total body-water TLR-LPS: Toll-like-receptor-LPS TLR4: Toll-like-receptor 4 VAI: Visceral-adiposity-index VAS: Visual analog scale VLDL: Very-low-density lipoprotein WC: Waist-circumference WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio WHtR: Waist-to-height ratio WAT: White adipose tissue References Blher M (2019) Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis

Epub 2016 Jan 29

All medications are administered/directed by board certified physicians