We are thankful to Dr Jean Kim and the Human Stem Cell Core at Baylor College of Medicine for mediating the cell transfer, Dr Tobias Dick for Grx1-roGFP2 plasmid, and Drs Vsevolod Belousov, Luke Lavis, and Catherine Goodman for thoughtful discussions
An injection delivers B12 straight into the bloodstream, bypassing the gut entirely and making sure the body actually receives what it needs
The brain samples for the PD microarray and RNA-seq analysis were obtained from The Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam (open access: www.brainbank.nl)
BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from a gastric protein fragment and is commonly studied in tissue response and repair research models
While there is no specific age limit for Vitamin B12 injections, the need for them often increases with age due to the bodys declining ability to naturally absorb the vitamin from food