Neither route approaches the bioavailability of IV administration (100% by definition), but both dramatically outperform oral glutathione, which shows less than 10% systemic bioavailability due to intestinal peptidase degradation
Again, these peptides are not FDA-approved and fall under Category 2, meaning they are legally limited to research settings and are not officially sanctioned for medical treatment
Moreover, a retrospective study revealed that the use of guanfacine, a selective 2 adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of ADHD, anxiety, and hypertension, was accompanied with enhancements in insomnia, attention deficiency, hyperactivity, and tics (Posey et al., 2004
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B12 deficiency can cause anemia, neurological symptoms, and cognitive impairment