Topical glutathione: topical formulations are typically 1-2 % glutathione
Although the significance of the low GSH/GSSG ratio is still elusive, protein disulfide formation with GSH in the ER might play an important role in protecting protein functions against oxidative stress
NAC supports skin indirectly by raising glutathione levels but is not commonly used for cosmetic purposes
[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 124.Ercolani L., Scir A., Galeazzi R., Massaccesi L., Cianfruglia L., Amici A., Piva F., Urbanelli L., Emiliani C., Principato G., et al
For CellROX fluorescence quantification, the leaves were vacuum-infiltrated with 10 M CellROX Deep Red (C10422, Invitrogen) for 30 min after different treatments at specific time points designed for the experiment