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Your doctor may arrange further investigations including liver function tests, full blood count, and renal function to exclude underlying pathology

The typical form of B12 used in doctors offices is cyanocobalamin, a cheaper and subpar form of B12

Women with autoimmune conditions affecting the stomach (such as pernicious anaemia or atrophic gastritis), inflammatory bowel disease , or those taking long-term metformin (MHRA advises monitoring B12 levels in at-risk patients) or proton pump inhibitors also have increased risk

Milk is also a good vitamin source, but for those who are lactose-free, there are options for fortified non-dairy milk

When neurological symptoms like numbness or tingling are already present, that speed matters