(Lausanne) 9 , 402 (2018)
proposed that Ang II expression is associated with mood disorders and that reducing brain Ang II levels might decrease anxiety and depression in animal models (57)
Further embodiments include a thermoreversible gel in the otic pharmaceutical formulation, such that upon preparation of the gel at room temperature or below, the formulation is a fluid, but upon application of the gel into or near the auris interna and/or auris media target site, including the tympanic cavity, round window membrane, or the crista fenestrae cochleae, the otic-pharmaceutical formulation stiffens or hardens into a gel-like substance
Increased AMP levels activate Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), which contributes to lowering of glucose production by at least 2 pathways: i) increased AMPK phosphorylates CBP & CRTC2 transcription factors, which inhibits genes involved in the production of glucose (gluconeogenic genes)
PMID: 20388964 Chang CH, et al