The US-FDA initially approved the drug in 1942 (7)
Potential risks Serious risks and adverse events include: Allergic reaction to the medications or dye used in the injection Shoulder infection Depigmentation of the skin around the injection site (a whitening of the skin) Local fat atrophy around the injection site (thinning of the skin) Rupture of a tendon located in the path of the injection Nerve damage near the shoulder joint Bleeding at the injection site In addition to the above, corticosteroid injections increase the risk of: High blood pressure High blood sugar Decreased immune function Decrease in bone mineral density Bone infection (osteonecrosis) Reproductive hormone imbalance Metabolic changes (eg, increased appetite, weight gain, and fluid retention) These risks are typically associated with higher doses of corticosteroids, multiple injections, and for people with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and heart problems
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential have not been done
B12 supplementation is appropriate for individuals with confirmed deficiency, vegans, older adults, those with malabsorption disorders, people who have had bariatric surgery, and those on long-term medications such as metformin or proton pump inhibitors
Metabolic Rate Markers: Investigating cellular fat oxidation and energy output variables through standardized encapsulated delivery forms
