306). This is likely due to decreased digestive enzyme production or decreased stomach acid resulting in a decreased ability to cleave B12 from its carrier proteins in animal foods
An anti-inflammatory diet rich in polyphenols, phytosterols, protein, dietary fiber, and unsaturated fatty acidsespecially omega-3supports immune balance and lowers thyroid autoantibodies (Rayman 2019)
Most reconstituted solutions should be refrigerated at 28C and used within 2830 days
Intramuscular injection into the vastus lateralis (thigh) is anatomically feasible but less commonly used due to patient accessibility and comfort
2004, Ed Masson, Barcelona Hvas AM, Juul S, Nexo E, Ellegaard J: Vitamin B-12 treatment has limited effect on health-related quality of life among individuals with elevated plasma methylmalonic acid: a randomized placebo-controlled study