Its estimated that cigarette butts can take up to 15 years to breakdown so it will be very interesting to see what progress is made in this field going forward as there is still no one targeted approach as to how best to tackle this issue.
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While E-Cigarettes have been around for a shorter time so more studies need to be done to clarify the risks, Public Health England's evidence review found E-Cigarettes to be at least 95% less harmful than smoking tobacco cigarettes
The only exceptions to this are episodes 20 and 23
The evidence that standardised packaging will change actual smoking behaviour is less clear, as this kind of research is difficult to do, but it is expected that as a result of these changes in attitudes and beliefs, standardised packaging will encourage some smokers to think twice about their smoking behaviour and, crucially, discourage some of the 200,000 children who start smoking every year from taking up the habit