Beyond general antioxidant defense, glutathione helps maintain iron levels and supports healthy mitochondrial function
In some embodiments, the formulations or compositions described herein have a pH and osmolarity as described herein, and have a concentration of active pharmaceutical ingredient between about 0.01-about 20%, between about 0.01-about 10%, between about 0.01-about 7%, between about 0.01-5%, between about 0.01-about 3%, between about 0.01-about 2% of the active ingredient by weight of the formulation or composition
Sanyal AJ, Newsome PN, Kliers I, et al
doi: 10.1111/j.1525-139X.2010.00782.x 59 EldehniMTMcIntyreCW
It is the oxidizing action of such acids that potentially result in skin irritation reactions once they reach the viable skin layers 3