Of the 20 amino acids, nine are considered essential, meaning your body cant make them on its own
It's frequently referenced alongside MOTS-c and NAD+ in research contexts, given the complementary nature of their respective pathway interactions - particularly how NNMT inhibition influences NAD+ availability in metabolic signalling studies
A study in Clinical Therapeutics found that the absorption rate of oral B12 can be significantly lower than that of injections, particularly in older adults or those with digestive disorders
I have been self injecting for 2 years, and started injecting my 30 year daughter last year (due to needle phobia and a rubbish GP)
Because the body cannot make B12 on its own, it has to come from food (meat, fish, eggs, dairy) or from supplements