Adequate intake of Vitamin B12 through their diet or supplementation can improve a chickens growth, development, and embryo formation, enhance egg production and feather quality, prevent skeletal diseases like perosis, and enhance their immune functions
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In small doses, they can cause fever, tiredness and aches, but in large amounts, they can trigger life-threatening conditions like septic shock
E diff , Extraction Fraction of a freely diffusible tracer
Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble vitamin that can become toxic if levels are too high