Glutathione, Biotin, and Vitamin C
40 , e106283 (2021)
Whereas the levels of 1,2-benzoquinone, 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2, 12-KETE, L-malic acid, N2-succinyl-L-ornithine, ornithine, argininosuccinic acid from the fecal metabolites gradually decreased as CKD progressed, chlorohydroquinone, hydroquinone, L-cystine, fecal 12-keto-tetrahydro-leukotriene B4 (12-keto-tetrahydro-LTB4), and L-cysteine levels gradually increased Integrated network analysis based on metabolomics and metagenomics data revealed that Ruminococcus bromii , fecal hydroquinone, and serum creatinine were the major contributors to this network, therefore play major roles in CKD progression
Crucially, the side effect profile of NAD+ largely depends on dosage and infusion rate
Schiattarella G