Graphical abstract Keywords: antioxidants, bilirubin, cell signalling, immunomodulation Highlights Bilirubin is a potentially toxic molecule, but it also has physiological functions In some pathological conditions, a low bilirubin concentration may be a potential risk factor A slightly elevated serum bilirubin concentration may have health benefits It would be advisable to establish new reference intervals/limit concentrations for bilirubin Different limits could be investigated and/or established in relation to specific clinical conditions Abstract For decades, bilirubin was thought to be merely a degradation product of the hem, a potentially toxic compound and a molecule with no specific physiological function
Worse, negative initial experiences can bias perception of copper peptides generally
Blood (2015) 126(23):3059
Conflict of interest SM and YT were employed by Biogenes Technologies
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