Recent reports indicate that ROS produced during liver transplantation were transferred to neighboring cells through Cx32 channels, aggravating oxidative stress and inflammation (Huang et al
Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific statement
Additionally, itaconic acid promotes the pentose phosphate pathway, leading to ROS production, enhancing its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties [103]
Cysteines on the surfaces of globular proteins are generally readily accessible to GSH and GSSG and can undergo spontaneous S-glutathionylation [41], which can be altered by antioxidant enzyme systems such as thioredoxin (Trx) [42], glutaredoxin (Grx) [43], or sulfiredoxin (Srx) [44]
The answer isn't black and whiteit depends on several factors: If you compete professionally or at the Olympic level, you need to know that some peptides like BPC-157 are on WADA's prohibited list